Address:  Plot No-HIG 2, Nandan Enclave, Nandan Vihar, Bhubaneswar-751024

Pinnacle Neuro Centre

             Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder affecting movement, caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain’s substantia nigra. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, regulates smooth, coordinated muscle activity, and its loss leads to hallmark symptoms: tremors (often starting in one hand), rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. These motor symptoms typically emerge after age 60, though early-onset cases occur. Non-motor symptoms, like depression, sleep disturbances, cognitive decline, and autonomic dysfunction (e.g., constipation or blood pressure changes), often complicate the disease, impacting quality of life.

Treatment focuses on symptom management, as there’s no cure. Levodopa, which the brain converts to dopamine, is the most effective medication, often combined with carbidopa to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects. Other options include dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, or amantadine to manage tremors. Over time, medications may lose effectiveness, leading to “off” periods or dyskinesia (involuntary movements). Deep brain stimulation, a surgical option, can help severe cases by modulating abnormal brain activity. Rehabilitation, including physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, supports mobility and daily function.